img

Cyanea leptostegia

A.Gray (1861)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha], hāhā lua [haha lua]

img

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Palm-like trees 3–14 m tall, with bright yellow latex.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades dimorphic juveniles irregularly parted or divided, blades 20–70 cm long, 5–12 cm wide (across the segments), segments 4–7 per side; adults linear to narrowly oblanceolate, 50–100 cm long, 2.5–8.5 cm wide. Apex of juvenilles acute to rounded; adults apex acuminate. Surfaces glabrous or lower surfaces rarely pubescent. Margins (in juvenile plants) minutely callose–denticulate; adults margins gently undulate and minutely callose–denticulate. Juveniles petioles 0.5–2 cm long; adults sessile. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 10–25–flowered, horizontal, densely clustered among the leaves, peduncles 20–80 mm long, pedicels 10–20 mm long; hypanthium oblong, 15–25 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect), hypanthium oblong, 15–25 mm long. Calyx 5-lobed, lobes linear, 30–55 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide, distinct or rarely connate, tube adnate to ovary. Corolla zygomorphic, rose to purple, 45–55 mm long, 3–5 mm wide, glabrous, the tube suberect, dorsally cleft to about the middle, all 5 lobes curved downward in the same plane, the corolla thus appearing unilabiate. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous; anthers glabrous, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits, coherent but separating after anthesis or connate and forming a tube into which pollen is shed; filaments distinct or connate above, attached to the epigynous nectary disk or to base of corolla, rarely adnate to corolla tube. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries yellow; ovoid; 20–35 mm long; 8–12 mm wide. Seeds numerous; small; brown to black; smooth; shiny; 0.2–0.5(–2) mm long; with a straight; short to spatulate dicotyledonous embryo embedded in oily endosperm.

Ploidy: 2n = 28*

Habitat: Occurring in diverse mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 1,000–1,300 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

img
img

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Kaua'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 149 (1861)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:453 (K)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 447 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
2 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris, montane wet forest w/ Kadua affinis, Elaeocarpus bifidus, Dubautia laevigata, Melicope anisata, M. clusiifolia, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Diplopterygium pinnatum, Dryopteri... Preserved_Specimen Tree, 7 m tall, numerous tall vigorous trees in general area, along stream, most seed aborted K.R. Wood 16158 Kauai BISH 2014-11-20
3 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Flynn, T.W. 848 Kauai BISH 1984-05-11
4 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 880 Kauai BISH 1953-08-07
5 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Kauai BISH
6 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 446 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
7 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 443 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
8 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 4960 Kauai BISH 1983-08-26
9 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
10 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1929-04-30
11 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH
12 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
13 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
14 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
15 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
16 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9016 Kauai BISH 1911-10-24
17 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1887 Kauai BISH 1966-06-06
18 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Cranwell, L.M. 3025 Kauai BISH 1938-08-19
19 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9016 Kauai BISH 1911-10-24
20 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Gillett, G.W. 1887 Kauai BISH 1966-06-06
21 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 313 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
22 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Stone, B.C. 851 Kauai BISH 1955-06-19
23 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. 2793 Kauai BISH 1895-09-01
24 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 9016 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
25 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kauai BISH
26 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Knudsen, V. Kauai BISH
27 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed mesophytic forest. Under high Metrosideros/Acacia canopy with Psychotria, Ilex, Planchonella and Rubus. Preserved_Specimen Flowers among leaves; calyx lobes maroon, corolla white with pink tinging, ovary pale green with pink tinting. Sap greenish yellow. Lorence, D.H. 2234 Kauai BISH 1987-07-01
28 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mixed mesic forest w/ Dodonaea viscosa Alphitonia ponderosa Polyscias waimeae, Dubautia laevigata, Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron spp., Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia membranacea, P. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 4 m tall, unbranched, w/ flower and sterile fruit, single plant Wood, K.R. 1134 Kauai BISH 2021-09-30
29 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest with Pterotropia kauaiensis. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2189 Kauai BISH 1926-06-25
30 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen Characteristic of mesic forest, stem lengths exceeding 4m. Takeuchi, W.N. 3673 Kauai BISH 1987-09-26
31 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen Characteristic of mesic forest, stem lengths exceeding 4m. Takeuchi, W.N. 3673 Kauai BISH 1987-09-26
32 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Santalum pyrularium, Leptocephylla tameamea, Coprosma waimeae, Dodonaea viscosa, Wikstroemia furcata, Melicope ovata, M. barbigera, Cyanea leptostegia Preserved_Specimen tree, 5 m tall, in late flower, trees occasional in area, Acacia dominated with secondary Eucalyptus Wood, K.R. 15194 Kauai BISH 2012-08-23
33 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia-Metrosideros mesic forest, open to closed canopy. W/ Kadua affinis, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla tameiameiae, Psychotria mariniana, Antidesma platyphylla, Pouteria, Xylosma hawaiiense, Alyxia stellata, Chamaesyce atrococca, Carex alligata, Cyrtandra kauai Preserved_Specimen trees, 5-8 m tall, trunks gray-brown, ca. 10 cm diameter at base, occasional Wood, K.R. 13837 Kauai BISH 2009-07-18
34 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In forest. Preserved_Specimen Young, sterile plants. Stone, B.C. 3380 Kauai BISH 1960-04-12
35 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest with some steep slopes dominated by matting ferns of Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, or Sticherus w/ Polysias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron spp, Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Psychotria mariniana, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Labordia degeneri, Melicope clusiifolia, M. an Preserved_Specimen Tree, 8 m tall, in flower, corolla, hypanthium & calyx lobes purple, single tree mapped. Wood, K.R. 18231 Kauai BISH 2019-07-19
36 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros mixed montane wet forest, 7 m canopy, 90% closed native cover w/ Polyscias waialealae, Syzygium sandwicensis, Cheirodendron spp., Dodonaea viscosa, Santalum pyrularium, Psychotria mariniana, 50% cover of shrubs Vaccinium calycinum, V. dentatum, Kadua addinis, Wik Preserved_Specimen tree, 5 m tall, main stem ca. 10 cm diameter, stems gray-brown, leaves dark green above, pale green below, costa white-green, in early flower, peduncle green, hypanthium and calyx purple, corolla purple with white stripe, occasional. Wood, K.R. 15935 Kauai BISH 2014-05-01
37 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details with Acacia koa, Metrosideros polymorpha, Dodonaea, Melicope, Santalum, Styphelia, Alphitonia, Psidium cattleianum, Rubus argutus Preserved_Specimen 2.5 m x 4 cm moncaulous tree, stem woody, latex pale yellow; leaves in terminal cluster, margins undulate; fruit have purple hypanthium with green strips; calyx lobes purple, tips green; seeds brown Lorence, D.H. 8032 Kauai BISH 1997-08-18
38 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Dry-mesic forest. Preserved_Specimen 18 ft tall with 2 DBH. Bark light-colored, smooth, upper part with leaf scars. Foliage tufted at top of stem; dark green, glossy, above, paler below. Copious, thick, opaque, yellow sap. Calyx purple; corolla white with purple streaks; ovary green with purple ribs; stamens purple. Young plants with lobed leaves. Herbst, D.R. 1023 Kauai BISH 1968-04-04
39 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In open Acacia koa forest, with Osmanthus, Dodonaea, Tetraplasandra. Preserved_Specimen Unbranched tree 25 ft tall; flowers pink, fruits purple. Carlquist, S. 1795 Kauai BISH 1965-07-31
40 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Forests near Kokee. Preserved_Specimen Skottsberg, C.J.F. 976 Kauai BISH 1922-10-28
41 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros polymorpha mixed mesic foerst With Gahnia beecheyi, Dianella sandwicensis, Dubautia laevigata, Hedyotis terminalis, Cheirodendron trigynum, Psychotria mariniana, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia macraeana, Peperomia l Preserved_Specimen tree, 3.5 meters tall, single stem, palm-like, leaves light green with pink tinge on costa, yellow latex, uncommon puberulent tomentose below, peduncle yellow-green, pedicles white-purple, fruit purple, locally common Wood, K.R. 9107 Kauai BISH 2001-09-25
42 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mostly Koa and Metrosideros with a large amount of introduced Rubus and Lantana in lower area. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6510 Kauai BISH 1970-07-17
43 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mixed mesophytic forest with Acacia koa and Metrosideros dominant. Preserved_Specimen Woody perennial with single stem to 6 m tall and to cm diam, latex yellow, leaves clustered at end of stem. Infloresence dense, axillary, ovary, anthers and corolla lobes purple, staminal and corolla tubes purplish white, Flowers smell of stale beer. Lorence, D.H. 5310 Kauai BISH 1987-07-16
44 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mostly native forest Preserved_Specimen 25 ft tall. Accessed via koa tree. Leaves 2.5 feet long. Single stalk topped by bushy rosette of leaves and flowers. Long purple sepals (very thin), lighter purple and white petals. Many plants throughout Kokee. Carter, I. 33 Kauai BISH
45 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest of Acacia koa. Preserved_Specimen Small unbranched tree 18 ft, 2 1/2 in diam. Little Jr., E.L. 31162 Kauai BISH 1976-08-31
46 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Transistion between wet and dry forest. Preserved_Specimen Tree, 15 ft high, 2-1/2 in dia. at base; leaves cluster at apex of stem; flowers purple in stalked clusters among crown leaves; pith widest at apex of stem; all parts with milky juice. Stren, W.L. 1254 Kauai BISH 1961-08-01
47 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Acacia forest. Preserved_Specimen Unbranched tree 3 m (seen 8 m tall), scattered in wet spots in forest. Lvs crowded on top, yellow sap from cuts, sepals lilac, corolla open above top bent down, young pl. wavy lf edge. van Balgooy, M.M.J. 4228 Kauai BISH 1982-05-30
48 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Open forest with Tetraplasandra kauaiensis. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 2189 Kauai BISH 1926-06-25
49 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia montane mesic forest with Alphitonia ponderosa, Antidesma platyphylla, Euphorbia atrococca, Claoxylon sandwicensis, Dodonaea viscosa, Myrsine lanaiensis, Nestegis sandwicensis, Dracaena aurea, Polyscias kavaiensis, Planch(truncated label) Preserved_Specimen Trees, usually single trunk and head, occasionally with multi-heads, up to 10m tall Wood, K.R. 15002 Kauai BISH 2012-05-23
50 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In forest. Preserved_Specimen Small trees with yellow sap; leaves only. Two upper lvs from tree 8+ ft high; tow lower lvs from tree 3.5 ft high. Neal, M.C. Kauai BISH 1949-10-06
51 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 10256 Kauai BISH 1911-10-01
52 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Mostly Koa and Metrosideros with a large amount of introduced Rubus and Lantana in lower area. Preserved_Specimen Sohmer, S.H. 6510 Kauai BISH 1970-07-17
53 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Single stem 35 ft high; not fl season; juvenile lvs. lobed. Degener, O. 20458 Kauai BISH 1950-02-01
54 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 1160 Kauai BISH 1917-07-03
55 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In forest. Preserved_Specimen Plant only 2' high. Meebold, A. 26423 Kauai BISH 1938-11-01
56 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Metrosideros-Acacia mixed mesic forest with Dubautia laevigata, Kadua affinis, Cheirodendron spp., Dianella sandwicensis, Poa sandwicensis, Bidens cosmoides, Peperomia membranacea, Microlepia strigosa, Dryopteris fuscoatra, Cyanea leptostegi Preserved_Specimen Tree, 5 meters tall, single stem with rosette on top, corolla cream white, with fruit Wood, K.R. 16542 Kauai BISH 2015-07-14
57 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 5818 Kauai BISH 1909-09-01
58 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. 575 Kauai BISH 1864-01-01
59 Cyanea leptostegia Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Chock, A.K. 970 Kauai BISH 1953-08-18
Back to Top